Dry eye syndrome is characterized by a number of symptoms, most commonly a burning or scratching sensation, or a feeling that there is a foreign substance in the eye. Dry eyes, which occurs most often with older adults, usually affects both eyes.

The syndrome is caused by a chronic lack of moisture and lubrication in the eyes. Tears are essential for healthy eyes. They bathe the eyes, washing out dust and debris and protecting against infection.

Insufficient lubrication can be caused by many factors. Excessive wind, sun, or dust can be contributing factors, as can autoimmune diseases and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term contact lens use can exacerbate dry eyes, as can medications such as antihistamines, and diuretics.

Some people (especially those with a thyroid condition) develop “wide open eyes,” or one wide open eye and another that opens normally. Eyelids may not close completely or become diseased. Sometimes a deficiency of the tear-producing glands occurs, and a lack of omega three oils is thought to be a contributing factor.

Great strides have been made in treating dry eyes in recent years. Artificial tears (lubricating eye drops), which in many cases help alleviate mild symptoms, are now more effective and long lasting. Fatty oil dietary supplements, such as flax or fish oils, may also provide relief.

Depending on your specific condition, surgery may be the most effective treatment. For example, eyelids can be lowered when patients suffer from “wide eyes,” or they can be raised to enhance the clearance of tears. The tear ducts can also be artificially plugged to conserve the available tears. In many cases, surgery for dry eyes can also provide improved aesthetics to the patient.

For more information on dry eyes and treatment:
All About Vision
Mayo Clinic